Psychological Testing

Validity is the degree of a research method’s ability to measure what it is designed to measure accurately. Reliability, on the other hand, describes how constant the outcomes are. Validity ensures reliability. Hence the two concepts are connected. There are situations, nevertheless, where reliability can exist without validity. According to the readings this semester, validity happens when a test is created to measure the things that it is supposed to measure. There isn’t a psychological exam that is reliable and valid in the healthcare system. When a test is taken repeatedly by the same person, its reliability is determined by how frequently the findings are consistent (Mohajan, 2017). By examining the consistency across time and by various individuals, reliability is assessed. How closely the results match up to other measures of a related concept serves as a gauge of validity.

I would argue in the court case based on the reputation of the clinical or forensic psychologist who determined and read the results. I would be forced to fight about how long the specific test has been utilized in the clinical setting if its reputation is questioned. Also, I list numerous companies that use this same test and provide pertinent data on employee turnover and morale.

I’ll share a few instances of my former employers who used this test, along with data on the results and their effects on staff morale. I would also invite witnesses who had been hired successfully from a certain test from the human resource dockets of the firms. Then I would go on to illustrate how a company’s continual employee churn may be expensive and time-consuming. Spending money on labor force recruitment and training for around three months led to the realization that the recruits lacked the necessary skills in this particular scenario. Furthermore, I would draw attention to the fact that the task is delegated to other skilled workers at the company, which undermines their morale.

Psychological testing is used to help employers hire the best candidates, which is crucial for the economy. If we implemented these tests, we would need the financial resources to pay outside psychologists to evaluate psychological tests in order to prevent biases and save the organization from future negative legal situations. I’ll conclude by listing the advantages that could result from the tests. The obstacles faced by the workforce are reduced thanks to lower risks to the firm, which also helps eliminate workers who struggle under pressure.

Benefits

Using psychological exams reduces the likelihood that the company will face legal action (Daharnis & Ardi, 2017). The ability to lessen the difficulties employees confront is a key advantage. Because psychological exams may assess a candidate’s capacity for working under pressure, they can be helpful for positions where the stakes are higher, such as those in law enforcement and firefighting. An organization can hire the right personnel with the aid of such an examination. The validity of psychological exams at a certain time or sitting is questionable; hence they cannot be used independently.

This week’s readings covered psychological conditions that affect people of all ages. What similarities and differences do you observe between personality disorders and those that afflict elderly people more specifically? What connections can you draw between these conditions and individuals who are most likely to be afflicted by them? What cultural aspects do you believe are important in this situation? Finally, much as we did in Week 4, search the APUS library databases for a scholarly article that delves more into a particular component of one of these illnesses. Post a copy of it here and share your thoughts on its conclusions.

Compared to other age groups, elderly persons are more likely to experience psychiatric illnesses. Depression, dementia, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric conditions among older adults (Huang, Wang, Wang, Liu, Yu, Yan & Wang, 2019). In that they all have an impact on how they interact with others, including their relationships with family, spouses, and friends, personality disorders are comparable to other psychiatric conditions that affect the elderly. Moreover, psychological and personality difficulties in older adults affect social functioning, involve feelings and thoughts, and exacerbate other people’s issues. Yet, the key distinction between personality disorder and other psychiatric problems in geriatric patients is symptomatology. Mood swings, or periods of highs and lows, are a key feature of all other psychiatric illnesses in adults, but with personality disorder, mood swings are uncommon and not the primary symptom.

Depression and other psychological illnesses that plague older persons impair immunity and increase disease susceptibility.

Yet, personality disorders seldom affect the immune system in any way. Most people who suffer from anxiety issues are aware of their condition. They are unable to address it, though, and because persons with personality disorders are rarely aware that they have a problem, they all think it is unnecessary to try to control something that was never an issue, to begin with. Memory loss, personality changes, and decreased reasoning are the hallmarks of dementia as opposed to personality disorders, which impact behavior, emotion, and thought.

There are connections between and effects of psychological diseases. The interaction between social and genetic factors affects whether or not a person develops various psychological diseases. The chance of mental disease developing in adult aged people is increased by a number of environmental conditions, such as inadequate food, exposure to chemicals, and head injuries. Social construction affects how likely it is for psychological problems to occur. Race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, language, and gender are intercultural elements that may have an impact on psychological problems.

Dementia, a piece by Clive Holmes and Jay Amin published in APUS Academic.

https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/science/article/pii/S1357303916301670?via%3Dihub

The psychological condition called dementia is examined in the article “Dementia” by Clive Holmes and JayAmin. Almost 67 thousand people in the United Kingdom are said to be affected by this brain disorder, according to the authors. According to the article, Alzheimer’s disease is the main reason why people develop dementia. Vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies are some of the additional causes of dementia. The goal of dementia management is to assist patients in managing their physical reliance and neuropsychiatric symptoms (Holmes, C., and Jay A. (2016). The disease’s neurochemical alterations are the main focus of treatment. N-methyl-D-aspartate and Cholinesterase Inhibitors aid in reducing Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive deterioration. The article comes to the conclusion that neuropsychiatric symptoms are typically hampered by side effects or limited therapeutic efficacy.

References

Mohajan, H. K. (2017). Two criteria for good measurements in research: Validity and reliability. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 17(4), 59-82.

Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Yu, X., Yan, J., … & Wang, Z. (2019). Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(3), 211-224.

Holmes, C, and Jay A (2016). “Dementia.” Medicine 44.11:687–690. Web

Daharnis, D., & Ardi, Z. (2017, December). The Use of” Psychological Tests” for Early Childhood. In International Conference of Early Childhood Education (ICECE 2017). Atlantis Press.

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Imagine you are a consultant for a company that uses psychological tests to predict how successful job applicants might be on the job. The test is being challenged in the courts.  Discuss the types of evidence you would use to defend the test. In your response, consider the concepts of reliability and validity and how they are related to one another.

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